Canadian Aviation Regulations 406.03 & 425.21

All Instruction provided by Cardinal Aviation is in accordance with CARS 406.03 & 425.21
Requirement to Hold a Flight Training Unit Operator Certificate
  • 406.03 (1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), no person shall operate a flight training service in Canada using an aeroplane or helicopter in Canada unless the person holds a flight training unit operator certificate that authorizes the person to operate the service and complies with the conditions and operations specifications set out in the certificate.
  • (2) A person who does not hold a flight training unit operator certificate may operate a flight training service if
    • (a) the person holds a private operator registration document or an air operator certificate, the aircraft used for training — in the case of the holder of an air operator certificate — is specified in the air operator certificate, and the training is other than toward obtaining a pilot permit — recreational, a private pilot licence, a commercial pilot licence or a flight instructor rating; or
    • (b) the trainee is
      • (i) the owner, or a member of the family of the owner, of the aircraft used for training,
      • (ii) a director of a corporation that owns the aircraft used for training, and the training is other than toward obtaining a pilot permit — recreational or a private pilot licence, or
      • (iii) using an aircraft that has been obtained from a person who is at arm’s length from the flight instructor, and the training is other than toward obtaining a pilot permit — recreational or a private pilot licence.
  • (3) In the case of flight training conducted under subparagraph (2)(b)(iii), the flight instructor shall
    • (a) notify the Minister in writing of
      • (i) the name and address of the person to receive the training,
      • (ii) the registration of the aircraft to be used,
      • (iii) the type of training to be conducted,
      • (iv) the location of the training operations, and
      • (v) the name and licence number of the flight instructor; and
    • (b) provide the information to the Minister
      • (i) prior to commencing training operations,
      • (ii) within 10 working days after any change to the information, and
      • (iii) when the training is discontinued.
425.21 Qualifications of Flight Instructors
  1. (1) A person who acts as a flight instructor shall be the holder of a pilot permit or pilot licence for the category, class and type of aircraft, as appropriate, on which the flight training is conducted.
  2. (2) A person who conducts flight training in any category of aircraft, where the trainee does not hold a pilot permit or pilot licence for that category, or conducts a flight review, shall:
    1. (a) have a flight instructor rating for the category of aircraft used for the training; and
    2. (b) for aeroplanes, have experience of not less than 50 hours flight time on the class of aeroplane used for the training; or
    3. (c) for helicopters, have experience of not less than 10 hours flight time on the type of helicopter used for the training.
  3. (3) A person who conducts flight training toward the issuance of a commercial pilot licence shall
    (amended 2006/12/14)
    1. (a) have a flight instructor rating for the category of aircraft used for the training;
      (amended 2006/12/14)
    2. (b) if the training is conducted within an integrated course in any phase of training after the VFR navigation progress test, have
      (amended 2006/12/14; no previous version)
      1. (i) not less than 500 hours of flight time in aeroplanes, of which not less than 200 hours is flight instructor experience; or
        (amended 2006/12/14; no previous version)
      2. (ii) an Airline Transport Pilot Licence—Aeroplane and a flight instructor rating; and
        (amended 2006/12/14; no previous version)
    3. (c) if the training is conducted within an integrated course on seaplane or specialty aerial work, conduct the training under the following conditions:
      (amended 2006/12/14; no previous version)
      1. (i) be duly authorized in writing by the Chief Flight Instructor;
        (amended 2006/12/14; no previous version)
      2. (ii) complete the minimum experience required for training in the specialty operation specified in the Flight Training Operations Manual in accordance with section 426.61 of the Canadian Aviation Regulations; and
        (amended 2006/12/14; no previous version)
      3. (iii) have the number of hours of instructional techniques, ground school instruction and flight training required before being authorized, as specified in the Flight Training Operations Manual.
        (amended 2006/12/14; no previous version)
    4. (d) if multi-crew coordination (MCC) training is conducted, be qualified on aeroplanes required to be operated with a co-pilot, be thoroughly familiar with human factors and crew resource management (CRM) and be familiar with the latest developments in human factors training and CRM.
      (amended 2006/12/14; no previous version)
  4. (4) A person who conducts flight training toward the issuance of a night rating shall have a flight instructor rating for the category of aircraft used for the training.
  5. (5) A person who conducts flight training in a multi-engine aeroplane where the trainee does not have a multi-engine class rating shall:
    1. (a) be the holder of a Commercial Pilot Licence or an Airline Transport Pilot Licence;
    2. (b) have multi-engine pilot experience, which if acquired on centre thrust multi-engine aeroplanes may be credited toward qualifying a pilot to provide centre thrust multi-engine flight instruction only; and
    3. (c) have experience of not less than 50 hours flight time on multi-engine aeroplanes with not less than 10 hours on the type of aeroplane used for the training.
  6. (6) A person who conducts flight training toward the issuance of a landplane class rating or a seaplane class rating shall:
    1. (a) be the holder of a Commercial Pilot Licence or an Airline Transport Pilot Licence; and
    2. (b) have experience of not less than 50 hours flight time on the class of aeroplane used for the training.
  7. (7) A person who conducts flight training toward the issuance of an aircraft type rating shall:
    1. (a) in the case of training for a holder of an aeroplane pilot permit or pilot licence:
      (amended 2006/12/14)
      1. (i) be the holder of a Commercial Pilot Licence - Aeroplane or an Airline Transport Pilot Licence - Aeroplane; and
        (amended 2005/12/01)
      2. (ii) have experience of not less than 50 hours flight time on the class of aeroplane used for the training, of which not less than 10 hours must be on the aeroplane type;
    2. (b) in the case of training for a holder of a helicopter pilot permit or pilot licence:
      (amended 2006/12/14)
      1. (i) be the holder of a Commercial Pilot Licence - Helicopter or an Airline Transport Pilot Licence - Helicopter; and
        (amended 2005/12/01)
      2. (ii) have experience of not less than 10 hours flight time on the type of helicopter used for the training;
    3. (c) in the case of training for a holder of a Pilot Permit - Gyroplane:
      1. (i) obtain an authorization under the Canadian Aviation Regulations to conduct the flight training; or
        (amended 2006/12/14)
      2. (ii) meet the requirements of paragraph (d);
    4. (d) in the case of training for a holder of a Student Pilot Permit - Gyroplane:
      (amended 2006/12/14)
      1. (i) have a Flight Instructor Rating - Gyroplane and
        (amended 2006/12/14)
      2. (ii) have experience of not less than 50 hours flight time on gyroplanes, of which not less than 10 hours must be on the type of gyroplane used for the training; or
      3. (iii) have a Flight Instructor Rating - Aeroplane or a Flight Instructor Rating - Helicopter and obtain an authorization under the Canadian Aviation Regulations to conduct the flight training;
        (amended 2006/12/14)
    5. (e) in the case of training for a holder of a Pilot Licence - Balloon or Student Pilot Permit - Balloon, have a Flight Instructor Rating - Balloon.
      (amended 2006/12/14)
  8. (8) A person who conducts flight training toward the issuance of a VFR Over-the-Top rating shall have a flight instructor rating for the category of aircraft used for the training.
  9. (9) A person who conducts flight training toward the issuance of an instrument rating shall be the holder of a Commercial Pilot Licence or an Airline Transport Pilot Licence, have an instrument rating and:
    (amended 2006/12/14)
    1. (a) have a flight instructor rating; or
      (amended 2006/12/14)
    2. (b) have experience of not less than 500 hours pilot-in-command flight time, of which:
      (amended 2006/12/14)
      1. (i) not less than 100 hours shall be on the applicable aircraft group, and
        (amended 1998/03/23)
      2. (ii) in the case of Group I aircraft, not less than 10 hours shall be on the type of multi-engine aeroplane used for the training.
        (amended 1998/03/23)
  10. (10) A person who conducts flight training for experience in aerobatic manoeuvres shall:
    (amended 2006/12/14)
    1. (a) in the case of aeroplanes, have a Flight Instructor Rating - Aeroplane - Aerobatics; or
      (amended 2006/12/14)
    2. (b) in the case of gliders, have a Flight Instructor Rating - Glider - Aerobatics.
      (amended 2006/12/14)
  11. (11) A person who conducts ground school instruction for a flight instructor rating shall
    (amended 2006/12/14)
    1. (a) have a flight instructor rating for the category of aircraft used for the training; or
      (amended 2006/12/14)
    2. (b) be authorized, in accordance with section 406.24 of the Canadian Aviation Regulations, to conduct the ground school instruction.
      (amended 2006/12/14)
  12. (12) A person who conducts flight training toward the issuance of a Flight Instructor Rating - Aeroplane or a Flight Instructor Rating - Helicopter shall have a Class 1 flight instructor rating for the category of aircraft used for the training.
  13. (13) A person who conducts flight training toward the issuance of a Flight Instructor Rating - Aeroplane - Aerobatic shall have a Class 1 Flight Instructor Rating - Aeroplane - Aerobatic.
  14. (14) A person who conducts flight training toward the issuance of a Flight Instructor Rating - Glider shall have a Flight Instructor Rating - Glider.
  15. (15) A person who conducts flight training toward the issuance of a Flight Instructor Rating - Glider - Aerobatic shall have a Flight Instructor Rating - Glider - Aerobatic.
  16. (16) A person who conducts flight training toward the issuance of a Flight Instructor Rating - Balloon shall have a Flight Instructor Rating - Balloon.
  17. (17) A person who conducts flight training toward the issuance of a Flight Instructor Rating - Gyroplane shall have a Flight Instructor Rating - Gyroplane.
  18. (18) A person who conducts flight training toward the issuance of a Flight Instructor Rating - Ultra-light Aeroplane shall have:
    1. (a) a Flight Instructor Rating - Ultra-light Aeroplane; or
    2. (b) a Flight Instructor Rating - Aeroplane.
  19. (19) A person who conducts flight training, using a synthetic flight training equipment, approved in accordance with section 606.03 of the Canadian Aviation Regulations, toward the issuance of a pilot licence or rating shall
    (amended 2006/12/14; no previous version)
    1. (a) meet or have met the flight instructor rating qualifications for the applicable licence or rating; and
      (amended 2006/12/14; no previous version)
    2. (b) have received instruction on the operation of the synthetic flight training equipment from a person trained in the operation of the device.
      (amended 2006/12/14; no previous version)